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Prices paid by producers and wholesalers for final demand goods and services fell 0.2 percent in December 2018 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Producer Price Index (PPI).  This decline followed upticks of 0.6 percent and 0.1 percent in October and November respectively.  With all of the months counted, PPI rose 2.5 percent last year, matching 2017’s gain.

Price changes were rather minor in December 2018 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.  Their Consumer Price Index (CPI) fell 0.1 percent at the headline and increased 1.9 percent in the past year.  Removing the two volatile components (food and energy) leaves the core-CPI figure which increased 0.2 percent and 2.2 percent during the month and year respectively. 

Once again, our economy is causing more attention to be paid to the Federal Reserve than normal.  As Atlas has written (click here, here, and her

Small business optimism continued waning according to data from the National Federation of Independent Business.  Their 10-component index slipped to 104.4 from 104.8 in November.  After starting a new uptrend in November 2016, this indicator moved steadily ahead until September of last year.  Now, it has declined for four consecutive months.

Concerns regarding economic improvements are growing within the circle of central bankers in Washington D.C.  On Wednesday, the latest minutes from the Federal Reserve were released, and they show some willingness to take on a “wait and see” approach to monetary policy.

Here we are on the last day of 2018, and it’s unclear to me how the year should be filed.  It started off on a tear.  Before reaching the end of January, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), a mathematical index comprised of just 30 publicly traded companies which cannot be invested in directly, reached a record level. Put it down in the history books.